When you purchase through contact on our situation , we may earn an affiliate commission . Here ’s how it works .
Platinum , a extremely appraise and trust metal , has a wide range of use , include jewelry , catalytic converter , electrical contact , pacesetter , medication and attraction . Because it is rare — there are only about 5 parts per billion by system of weights in Earth ’s crust , according toChemicool — atomic number 78 tends to be very high-priced , as anyone looking to buy a Pt marriage ceremony ring might discover .
Platinum is a silver - clean metallic element — it was once known as " white atomic number 79 . " It is exceedingly resistive to tarnishing and corroding ( which makes it known as a " noble metal " ) and is very easygoing and malleable , make it well-heeled to determine ; ductile , make it sluttish to stretch into conducting wire ; and unreactive , which means it does n’t oxidise and is unaffected by rough-cut acids .
Two ultrapure platinum crystals, about 1 centimeter each. Together, they weigh about 1 gram. Photo fromImages-of-Elements.com.
Pt is one of thetransition metals , a group that let in gold , silver , copper and titanium — and most of the constituent in the middle of the occasional tabular array . The nuclear structure of these metals mean they can bond easily with other chemical element .
It is also one of the dense element at 12.4 snow leopard per three-dimensional inch ( 21.45 grams per cubic cm ) , a little more than 21 clock time the denseness of water or 6 time the density of a adamant fit in toChemicool . These dimension leave to many uses for this very rare and valued metal .
Just the fact
The international prototype kilogram is a cylinder of platinum and platinum-iridium alloy, which is kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) near Paris.
The ‘unmeltable’ metal
In ancient time , people in Egypt and the Americas used platinum for jewelry and decorative pieces , often times mix with gold . The first recorded reference work to platinum was in 1557 when Julius Scaliger , an Italian physician , described a metal get hold in Central America that would n’t run and call it " platina , " intend " little silver . "
In 1741 , British scientist Charles Wood published a study introducing platinum as a new alloy and described some of its attributes and potential commercial-grade covering , accord toPeter van der Krogta Dutch historian . Then , in 1748 , Spanish scientist and naval officeholder Antonio de Ulloa bring out a description of a metal that was infeasible and unmeltable . ( He in the first place spell it in 1735 , but his papers were confiscated by the British navy blue . )
Back in the 18th century , platinum was the eighth screw alloy and was known as " white gold , " according to van der Krogt . ( Previously known metals include iron , copper , silver medal , tin , gold , mercury and lead . )
The international prototype kilogram is a cylinder of platinum and platinum-iridium alloy, which is kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) near Paris.
In the early 1800s , friends and colleague William Hyde Wollaston and Smithson Tennant , both British chemists , produced and sell purified Pt that they sequester using a technique developed by Wollaston , according to van der Krogt This technique involve dissolve platinum ore in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric battery-acid ( know as aqua regia ) . After the atomic number 78 was separate from the residual of the answer , palladium , rhodium , atomic number 76 , Ir , and later ruthenium were all give away in the waste material .
Today , Pt is still extracted using a technique like to that developed by Wollaston . sample containing Pt are break up in aqua regia , are separated from the rest of the solution and byproducts , and are disappear at very high temperature to produce the metal .
Who knew?
Current research
research worker are continuing to find Modern uses and app program for Pt . For lesson , Pt is used in the ontogeny of anti - cancer drug .
In 1844 , Michele Peyrone , an Italian druggist , accidently discovered that platinum has anti - neoplastic properties ( which think it prohibits the growing of neoplasm , according toMedicineNet ) . Research continue , and in 1971 the first human cancer affected role was treated with platinum - containing drugs .
Today , about 50 percent of cancer patients receive treatments that let in this uncommon metal , according to a 2016 clause published in the journalChemical Reviews . These drug admit cisplatin , carboplatin and oxaliplatin , and several others in trial run point .
The clause hash out some of the next - generation platinum - containing genus Cancer drugs and delivery systems that they say will be more good in fighting cancer cells . The authors call this a " threefold scourge " — platinum - containing drugs within a platinum - delivery system .
These so - prognosticate atomic number 78 " warheads " target cancer cell and can be programmed in a assortment of way to interact with the cancer cells that contain many receptor on their surface , which are creditworthy for many action of the electric cell include development , the authors explained . Because cancerous cells separate very rapidly , they need an excess of nourishment ( such as glucose or folic acid ) , and these targeting systems can search the dead body for these various traits and situate the medications immediately within the cells , the author said . Once the platinum is within the cells , it crop with other chemotherapy drugs to prevent the cancer cells from unendingly dividing , they explain .
Another benefit of using these nanodelivery systems is that they can remain in the bloodstream for longer periods of time , thus leading to skillful dispersion and retard release of the medications , the article said .
Due to the large amount of platinum needed to study these anticancer drug , refinement companies were eager to become involved very early on , as described by the authors . And although the use of refined platinum in cancer drugs is good to many , those who forge on platinum mines do have to be careful because inspire or coming into verbatim contact with platinum salts ( created from the purifying process and prior to being dethaw into metal ) can have the polar effect by potentially cause adverse health affects such as supersensitized reactions , price to internal organs , or even genus Cancer , harmonize toCancerTreatment.net .
Several report , including a 2006 written report published in the journalWater , Air , and Soil Pollutionand a 2009 study exhibit at theCanadian Metallurgical Society ’s annual conferencehave shown associations between platinum mining and adverse environmental and wellness effects , although more inquiry is involve to turn up the links .
Additional resourcefulness
